Here are just a few examples of shill bidding activities that are prohibited on eBay:

• Jean runs a successful business auctioning items on eBay. Ben, one of her employees, wants to buy some of her products and decides to bid on them. But because he works at her company, he has access to information that wouldn't be available to other eBay shoppers, giving him an unfair advantage.

• John is selling his extra MP3 player on eBay. During the auction his girlfriend, Jane, bids on the MP3 player even though she doesn't intend to buy it. (They'd like to increase the item's price and make it seem more desirable.) Another person, Dan, whose bid is $5 higher than Jane’s ends up winning the auction, but he paid a higher price than he should have since Jane placed a phony bid.

• Sally is selling her car on eBay. During the auction, she gets worried that her car might sell for less than the amount she's hoping to get. To make sure that no bidder can win her car for less than what she has in mind, she uses another eBay account to place bids on her own car, increasing the volume of bidding and raising the price to a level she thinks is fair.

• Bob is a high-volume seller on eBay and wants to be sure that he never sells at a loss. Rather than use the reserve price feature to set his minimum prices, he has someone place bids on his auctions, setting a hidden reserve price.

In addition to this policy, the User Agreement states that shill bidding isn't allowed on eBay. It's also illegal in many places around the world and carries severe penalties. Before selling items, review the following guidelines:

Seller rules:

• You can have more than one eBay account but there can't be any interaction between the accounts, especially involving bids or Feedback. Your information must be accurate and consistent.

• You can't bid on your own listings.

• Friends and people you know who'd like to buy your items may do so as long as they use a fixed price option. Bidding on your item for any other reason isn't permitted.

• If you bid on some of your own auctions, but you didn't know this was shill bidding, you're still responsible. When you signed up with us, you agreed to follow the guidelines in the User Agreement and in all our policies.

• If your accounts were suspended for shill bidding because someone you know used them to list items, and then bid on those items, you're still responsible. Your accounts can't be reinstated before completion of the suspension period. As a reminder, you need to keep your account information and password secure because you're ultimately responsible for anything that happens with your account. The User Agreement says that anyone under the age of 18 isn't allowed to use eBay unless they're supervised by the adult or guardian who owns the account.

Bid history and bidder search:
The Bid History page provides a view of bids and retractions that take place while a listing is active. Bidding patterns that show no advantage to the bidder but significantly increase the item's price may suggest shill bidding. Other questionable patterns include multiple bids in short, deliberate intervals, or bidding several times in small amounts even when other bids haven't been placed on an item.

To keep certain info private, we limit how the bid history information is displayed. When the highest bid, reserve, or Buy It Now price reaches or exceeds a certain level, members can't view or search for member-specific information, such as user IDs, on the Bid History page. Though the Bid History: Details page has information on bidders, each bidder is assigned an anonymous name (x***y, for example). As a result, only the seller can see a bidder's user ID.

Regardless of the current high bid, when a reserve or Buy It Now price is set at a certain level, user IDs will appear as anonymous names through the duration of the auction, even if the seller lowers the price. For more details on how the bidding process works, see our bidding overview.

Note: eBay determines when user IDs are no longer viewable based on the price or bid amount, and this varies by country.

Ending listings early:
You can end a listing early unless there's already a bid that exceeds your reserve price and your listing is within 12 hours of its end time. If you meet the requirements for ending your listing early, be sure to cancel all bids before you end it. If you don't, you'll be required to sell the item to the high bidder when the listing closes.

Trading Assistants:
We recommend these guidelines for trading assistants. First, include language in your contract that:

• prohibits shill bidding and references this eBay policy on shill bidding

• specifies you'd report shill bidding activities to us

• specifies you'd help law enforcement with their investigations on shill bidding

Second, if you're aware of shill bidding activities on eBay, you should:

• notify the people involved and let them know they're violating policies

• cancel all relevant bids

• report it to us and provide the user ID and item number

Report shill bidding:
We thoroughly investigate every report we receive. Sometimes, though, what appears to be shill bidding may actually be a legitimate transaction. If there's evidence of shill bidding, we take action, ranging from listing cancellation to referral to law enforcement. Our Privacy Policy prevents us from disclosing the details of our investigation to other members, including the person who reported the issue.

Investigating shill bidding:
Our policy against shill bidding applies to all eBay members, regardless of their membership status, and we base our actions on the severity of the violation. To protect the marketplace, we can't talk about how we detect shill bidding or our investigative methods. We also can't disclose certain kinds of evidence if we think that doing so would give someone ideas on how to circumvent the rules.

Suspending sellers:
We understand that some members may not know that shill bidding is wrong. So we're open to giving them a second chance, and to ensure they fully understand the seriousness of the violation, we may issue a temporary account suspension or any other action that's necessary. Keep in mind, though, that sellers may be suspended from using eBay permanently, even if it's the first time they violate our shill bidding policy.

For a safe and reliable shopping experience, we try hard not to have shill bidding on eBay. This policy is in place to avoid those activities and to be clear on what can happen when people break the rules. And remember, shill bidding is also illegal in many places around the world.